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Student engagement in effective AI use: Prompt engineering and individualised learning

An Escher-like structure depicting the concept of AI model collapse. The image features a swirling, labyrinthine design, representing a recursive loop where algorithms feed on their own generated synthetic data. Elements of digital clutter and noise are interwoven throughout, highlighting the chaotic nature of the internet increasingly populated by AI-generated content. The visual metaphor of a Uroboros, a snake eating its own tail, symbolizes the self-referential cycle of AI training on its own outputs.

MICHAEL SPIERS, SENIOR HOUSEMASTER, RIPON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, UK Rationale and preliminary research I first became aware of the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in aiding the incorporation of creativity in teaching in late 2022, after the release of the large language model (LLM) ChatGPT. I was familiar with generative AI from conversations with colleagues involved in […]

Early research themes for teaching about AI

Seventeen multicoloured post-it notes are roughly positioned in a strip shape on a white board. Each one of them has a hand drawn sketch in pen on them, answering the prompt on one of the post-it notes "AI is...." The sketches are all very different, some are patterns representing data, some are cartoons, some show drawings of things like data centres, or stick figure drawings of the people involved.

JANE WAITE, RASPBERRY PI FOUNDATION, CAMBRIDGE AND RASPBERRY PI COMPUTING EDUCATION RESEARCH CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UK Introduction Resources related to AI and education are emerging, from international and country-specific policy guidance (e.g. Miao and Holmes, 2023; DfE, 2025), to suggested competency frameworks (e.g. Miao and Shiohira, 2024). When considering how AI technology may manifest in […]

How AI can be a panacea for the growing SEND, workload and retention crisis

An person is illustrated in a warm, cartoon-like style in green. They are looking up thoughtfully from the bottom left at a large hazard symbol in the middle of the image. The Hazard symbol is a bright orange square tilted 45 degrees, with a black and white illustration of an exclamation mark in the middle where the exclamation mark shape is made up of tiny 1s and 0s like binary code. To the right-hand side of the image a small character made of lines and circles (like nodes and edges on a graph) is standing with its ‘arms’ and ‘legs’ stretched out, and two antenna sticking up. It faces off to the right-hand side of the image.

REBECCA STOTT, DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION, TWINKL; NPQH; MA-ED, SEND & DIGITAL LEARNING, UK GEORGINA DURRANT, SEND AUTHOR, BLOOMSBURY; NATIONAL THOUGHT LEADER FOR INCLUSION, TWINKL, UK JONATHAN PARK, AI LEAD, TWINKL, UK Lost amid the noise of the election, the Department for Education updated its risk report in July to warn that the SEND (special educational needs and disabilities) […]

AI for schools: Unlocking potential in curriculum processes

An illustration of three „pixelated“ cupboards next to each other with open drawers, the right one is black.

Charlie Cutler, Director of Curriculum, United Learning, UK Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has the potential to fundamentally change education and substantially support teachers in teaching, and its use in education is growing. The proportion of teachers reporting using GenAI ‘to help with school work’ has grown from 35 per cent in August 2023 to 42 […]

AI in assessment: Managing risks and seizing opportunities

Plastic figures resembling humans who sit at tables in front of laptops. the lack of background makes their environment look bleak.

DALE BASSETT, DIRECTOR OF ASSESSMENT, UNITED LEARNING, UK Assessment is integral to education, helping us to understand how students are progressing. Whether formal annual tests, exit-ticket quizzes or informal learning checks in the classroom, ‘traditional’ assessment isn’t going away – but it is hugely impacted by AI, both positively and negatively. United Learning’s ongoing development of […]

AI in teacher professional development: The unnecessary and absolutely necessary cognitive load of developing as a teacher

A banana on a table and an image of a banana on a laptop on the same table. Each of the two bananas has a white frame around it with the word ‚Banana‘ sticked on top of it.

ROBERT CAUDWELL AND PAUL MALLABAND, CO-FOUNDERS, PENROSE EDUCATION, UK Introduction As is true in most professions, teachers are increasingly outsourcing elements of their work to AI (artificial intelligence) tooling. As AI capabilities continue to improve, it will become possible to increasingly rely on machines to do parts of our jobs for us. This has the potential […]

Whose values and beliefs are shaping the conversation?

This image features 3 images of a street. Overlying the image are different shapes which are arranged to look like QR code symbols. These are in white/blue colours and intersect one another. The first image is clear, but the second is slightly more pixelated, and the final image is very pixelated.

DR FIONA AUBREY-SMITH, FOUNDING DIRECTOR, ONE LIFE LEARNING, UK Educational organisations are increasingly deciding who will take responsibility for leadership around AI (artificial intelligence) in their context – with new roles and remits being evolved to lead this changing landscape. Yet each of those sharing their expertise or leadership is doing so through a particular […]

The human in the machine: Exploring the potential, ethics and morality of harnessing AI for workload and assessment

$The image depicts a series of stone-like hands, fractured and cracked, reaching out in various directions from a chaotic mass of tangled wires. Some hands display broken fingers, while archival tags on others suggest anonymity and erasure. The juxtaposition of human forms and technological wires evokes themes of labor, exploitation, and the often unseen physical work behind the tech industry.$

Introduction With the advancement of large language learning models (LLMs – AI tools such as ChatGPT), there are senses of optimism, potential and scepticism within the education world in equal amounts: optimism regarding its potential impact on reducing workload, a key factor in the recruitment and retention crisis (NFER, 2024); potential in its ability to […]

Do pupils dream of electric teachers? Secondary school pupil perspectives on AI and the implications for teacher professionalism

$A photographic rendering of a smiling face emoji seen through a refractive glass grid, overlaid with a diagram of a neural network.$

JAMES LEIGH, HOUSEMASTER, CANFORD SCHOOL, UK Introduction The educational landscape is rapidly evolving, with so-called artificial intelligence (AI) emerging as a potential game-changer. Easy-to-access large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, Gemini and Copilot, are particularly intriguing, holding the promise of personalised learning paths, efficient research assistance and potentially even automated assessment. However, the potential impact […]

AI spy: Tracking the tools that teachers use

This image shows the corner of a room, with wooden floor with two walls - one is smaller than the other. On the left smaller wall, glowing app icons, with logos including Netflix, Spotify, OpenAI, and Alexa are arranged in a grid. Multiple sets of dark footprints converge toward these icons on the floor. The room’s right side features wooden shelves with various items: stacks of books, a vintage red rotary phone, vinyl records, and framed artwork. These objects are slightly shadowed and appear darker, but occupy the larger wall. On the floor’s bottom left corner, a few footprints veer off in the opposite direction to the other footsteps which were facing the glowing apps.

KAREN WESPIESER, TEACHER TAPP, UK Since 2020, Teacher Tapp has been checking how teachers are adopting artificial intelligence (AI) tools. In November 2024, we asked teachers: What AI-powered tools or technologies (if any) have you used or experimented with in your teaching practice? The data featured in this Teacher Tapp research has been gathered from our […]

AI training at Gordonstoun School

A mosaic-like image of clouds, made of server and data center components, symbolizing the hidden physical infrastructure of cloud computing.

ALASDAIR MONTEITH, HEAD OF GEOGRAPHY AND ADVANCED PRACTITIONER, GORDONSTOUN SCHOOL, UK We ran our first staff CPD session on using AI in April 2022 and have been encouraging staff to trial the use of LLMs (Large Language Models) ever since. The aim of our CPD sessions is to provide teachers with an understanding of what […]

Integrating effective AI safely into curriculum and learning

Students at computers with screens that include a representation of a retinal scanner with pixelation and binary data overlays and a brightly coloured datawave heatmap at the top.

Meena Kumari Wood, RESEARCHER, AUTHOR AND FORMER HMI (OFSTED), UK The potential impact of AI on students’ ‘soft skills’ A recent CIPD survey revealed that a third of 16–24-year-olds lack employability skills, including resilience, problem solving and communication skills (CIPD, 2024). Almost half of respondents felt that they were never taught these skills at school […]

A learning curve? A landscape review of AI and education in the UK

A shiny rock of silicon is on a plain white reflective surface, against a plain white background. Embedded in the rock is a rough shape of a silicon chip, which is made from the same rock of silicon.

RENATE SAMSON, PROJECT LEAD (DATA AND DIGITAL SOCIETY), ADA LOVELACE INSTITUTE, UK In January 2025, the Nuffield Foundation and Ada Lovelace Institute published ‘A learning curve? A landscape review of AI in education in the UK’ (Samson and Pothong, 2025). The paper seeks to inform conversations around the use of EdTech and AI in UK schools. […]

Harnessing AI for better school reviews: Testing the feasibility of AI to improve quality, efficiency and fairness in school inspections

$A photographic rendering of a young houseplant against a neutral background, seen through a refractive glass grid and overlaid with an single neuron from a neural network diagram.$

MATT DAVIS, GLOBAL MANAGING DIRECTOR, ETIO, UK LEE NORTHERN, PRINCIPAL INSPECTIONS CONSULTANT, ETIO, UK School inspections, resource challenges and the potential of AI While the focus on generative AI (GenAI) in education and its potential has typically been on its use for school staff and pupils, its promise of bringing radical productivity benefits to complex tasks (Somers, […]

The importance of student voice in getting AI right for schools

$A photographic rendering of a succulent plant seen through a refractive glass grid, overlaid with a diagram of a neural network.$

DANIEL EMMERSON, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, GOOD FUTURE FOUNDATION, UK School leaders are in a precarious position, whereby they are striving to ensure the best possible futures for their students whilst also being aware of the impact that artificial intelligence (AI) technology is already having on the way in which young people are adapting their study and their […]

Teachers’ and school leaders’ AI readiness

A banana, a plant and a flask on a monochrome surface, each one surrounded by a thin white frame with letters attached that spell the name of the objects.

Anna Lindroos Cermakova, Senior Research Associate, Lancaster University, UK Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), labelled as a paradigm shift, the fourth industrial revolution, cognitive automation, the algorithmic age, the great disruptor and other terms depending on the perspective taken, forces us to consider the trajectory this technology charts for the future of learning: How will the […]

Artificial humanities: Can we maintain the ‘human’ in the humanities with AI?

Plastic figure resembling a human who sits on a table infront of a laptop in a dark room. Long shadows disseminate a gloomy mood.

JACK WARDLE, TWINKL EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING, UK Defining the humanities is a difficult task, as the disciplines that it encompasses are vast and varied – from the more universal inclusion of history and geography to its potential cross-disciplinary inclusion of the languages, arts and the many subjects in between. Drees (2021) tentatively defines humanities as disciplines […]

Student-generated AI imagery: Enhancing geographic vocabulary acquisition through creative technology

On the left, there is an image of a tree on a snowy, rocky landscape, with light shining in from the background. On the right, there is the same landscape, but it is now reproduced as grey and silver cubes in the shape of a tree and technical terrain, backgrounded by the light.

VICTORIA MARSHALL, HARROW INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL HONG KONG, HONG KONG SAR, CHINA Teachers face the persistent challenge of ensuring students master Tier 3 vocabulary while maintaining engagement in the subject and encouraging active learning to promote retention of understanding. The national curriculum (DfE, 2014) emphasises that teachers should develop vocabulary as an integral aspect of teaching […]

Leveraging artificial intelligence to support teaching English

Nine small images with schematic representations of differently shaped neural networks, a human hand making a different gesture is placed behind each network.

KIRSTY KELSEY, PRINCIPAL DEVELOPMENT LEAD, ARK CURRICULUM PLUS, UK When working to support hundreds of teachers to embed a resourced curriculum, it is clear that teachers are working incredibly hard to tailor their lessons to the specific needs of their classes and context. What is also noticeable is that some teachers continue to feel uncertain as […]

Draft–redraft–reframe: Using ChatGPT to build student ownership of writing

A computer lab with three rows of four desks, each occupied by students working at computers. Overlaying the computer lab are red lines connecting through nodes, symbolizing the flow of communication, data exchange, and interconnected networks.

JUSTIN JEFFREY, ENGLISH TEACHER, CENTRE FOR BRITISH TEACHERS (CFBT), BRUNEI Introduction Asking students to respond to and incorporate feedback is central to best practice in the process of developing writing skills. Yet, one of the oldest frustrations in writing instruction is the limited impact feedback can have. Despite the time teachers invest in providing it, […]