How can pastoral and extracurricular learning enhance students’ independent learning skills?

Chartered College of Teaching ¬∑ How can pastoral and extracurricular learning enhance students' independent learning skills?   Independent learning is a complicated term. In practice, it can mean any number of things to any number of people. It's useful, therefore, to think about a clear definition which captures the essence of its meaning. Dianne Murphy (2017, p. 211) outlines that 'what we generally mean by independent learning is that students have enough confidence and capability to work for extended periods without prompting or help'. Hendrick and MacPherson (2017, p. 203) outline that 'most educators would want to see students leaving school with a robust ability to self-regulate, to plan and to see through long-term projects with an enhanced ability to cope with challenge and adversity'. This, I believe, outlines what the school system is aiming for, but this does not make it any less problematic in terms of pinning down what this means in reality for teachers. H